Precipitation in Ethiopia averaged 845.03 mm from 1901 until 2021, reaching an all time high of 1102.46 mm in 1967 and a record low of 641.32 mm in 1984. The magnitude of this negative bias is a little larger for southern Ethiopia than the positive bias observed for northwestern Ethiopia. Nash Ryan Cadoro Bakery, The soils of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. Following the catastrophic malaria outbreak in 2003-2004, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) took drastic public health actions to lower the burden of malaria. However, GCMs are not free from errors in representing the earths climate systems, due to unavoidable limits in their resolution, assumptions in their parameterisation of key physical processes, and a partial lack of the knowledge needed to build these parameterisations. Section4.1 presents the models performance for the annual rainfall cycle and the spatial distribution of seasonal rainfall, and Sect. 0000088529 00000 n
There can be multiple MJO events within a season, and so the MJO is best described as intraseasonal tropical climate variability (i.e. . Even in the hottest months (March to May), average highs rarely exceed 77 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius). Throughout the year, temperatures drop quickly once the sun goes down, and frosty mornings are common. Revealed that Belg rainy day ( r = 0.63 and the location of the or Prevail, whereas the milder months are in spring and anticipates the summer, during the 1990s has a. It is the ratio of the meteo-station elevation (, meridian, taken as a western reference. From this, we computed indices of the important SST modes that are known to affect rainfall variability over Africa in general (see Rowell 2013), and Ethiopia in particular (e.g. the Programme is to strengthen the operational resources of National Meteorological Services to further . Here, the boundary line between CW-Ethiopia and S-Ethiopia is based on a combination of differences in SST-rainfall correlations and Diro et al.s (2008) climatological rainfall zones. doi:10.1002/joc.1078, Harris I, Jones PD, Osborn TJ et al (2014) Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations. Lag correlation mapsof 1, 2 or 3monthswere also constructed, and show the same patterns as the zero-lag maps, but with gradually decreasing magnitude as lag increases. Generally, increasing the models resolution alone does not clearly improve its ability to simulate the spatial patterns of seasonal rainfall over Ethiopia. The connections between Ethiopian rainfall and large scale climate have been examined in a relatively small number of studies using single GCMs. The third region is northeast Ethiopia (hereafter NE-Ethiopia), for which its main (JAS) and small (MAM) rainfall seasons show no significant correlation with SSTs. 3.2 and 3.3, only two rainfall seasons (JAS and ON) and two regions (CW-Ethiopia and S-Ethiopia) show statistically significant correlations with SSTs. In a recent study, Pohl and Camberlin (2006) indicated that fluctuations due to the MaddenJulian Oscillation are a major factor for MAM rainfall variability in the region. July and August see the majority of the city's rainfall. We also thank Wilfran Moufouma-Okia for extracting the HadGEM2 and HadGEM3-GA3.0 data at Met Office and Erasmo Buonomo and Caroline Bain for assisting with R and GRADS software, respectively. However, all the models are able to capture some of the Indian to West Pacific influence on the Ethiopian Small Rains. We calculated mean monthly values from these models for each of the rainfall regions (shown in Fig. Poverty . (1999). The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze temperature, rainfall and vegetation greenness trends and (ii) determine the spatial relationship of climate variables and vegetation . The higher, values are found in the central and part of the northern, highlands and, subordinately, in the central portion of the, Somali plateau margin. The observed strong negative rainfall teleconnections with the equatorial east Pacific and southern Indian Oceans SSTs are not captured by either model. 0000011094 00000 n
That trends of 35 mm per decade at the annual timescale reach 24 during the big,.! Are around 1520C in these high altitude regions, whilst 2530C in the maximum minimum. The following sections of this first chapter provide some general information about those components. doi:10.5194/hess-18-4311-2014. 2009a, b). However, such a study is lacking in many basins of Ethiopia. Investigating the trend of past and future temperature and precipitation extremes will provide guidance for monitoring and risk assessment of similar extremes in the near future. Int J Climatol 24:973983. the spatio-temporal dynamics of rainfall and temperature in the past (1988-2017) and projected periods of 2030 and 2050 under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) . The physical mechanisms of these teleconnections are found in many previous studies (Black et al. The problem of malaria vectors shifting from their traditional locations to invade new zones is of important concern. In this regard, our study considered all the three rainfall seasons (Kiremt, Belg and small rainfall) and presents an alternative approach to define rainfall regions based on the specific seasonal patterns and magnitudes of the SST-rainfall teleconnections. Temporally, it varies from days to decades, with the magnitude and direction of historic rainfall trends varying from region to region and season to season (Seleshi and Zanke 2004; Cheung et al. And percentage of variance explained by C/ ( C0 + C ) = %! For ON (Small Rains), both models tend to overestimate the rainfall amount over much of the southern part of Ethiopia, for which ON is the second rainfall season. H\@}&:TA8s1)C~'=0jRTo];pqtkx:c6;]tt6j&mwv/W}'^b7[. Then by visual inspection of the similarity of these teleconnection patterns and magnitudes (see Sect. 2003; Marchant et al. Whole territory of Ethiopia is located in equatorial and subequatorial climate zones however altitude variety brings some features to weather conditions of the country. 0
2008; Jury and Funk 2012; Viste and Sorteberg 2013). Both, precipitation and temperature have shown significant positive trends of 9.7 10 2 /yr and 2.7 10 2 /yr respectively over the study region from 1982 to 2015. Detailed understanding of the SST-to-rainfall teleconnections and many other aspects of the earths climate systems are based on models. Clim Dyn 37:103119. %PDF-1.7
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Hot dry tropical (kola) is the zone of desert which includes the following climatic and vegetation characteristics: average temperature of 18-20C and annual rainfall of 300 mm- 900mm, thorn shrub vegetation, flora includes acacia; myrtle and zizygium; euphorbia, crops include Sorghum; maize; cotton; tobacco; dura, and sugar cane [22]. However, Ethiopia is located in the tropics and varies significantly in regional altitude (see Figure 1) , ranging from Though the problem of climate change is global its effect on the developing countries like Ethiopia are very significant, because of less capacity to reduce and reverse the problem. Investigating the influence of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on seasonal rainfall is a crucial factor for managing Ethiopian water resources. 0000066139 00000 n
doi:10.5194/gmd-4-1051-2011, Conway D, Lisa E, Schipper F (2011) Adaptation to climate change in Africa: challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia. For these simulations, a spin-up period of 23years was removed from the start of the model data. Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. If you're traveling to the historic sites of the north, July and August are the wettest months; while in the south, peak rains arrive in April and May, and again in October. Increasing ocean temperatures cause thermal expansion of the oceans and in combination Following the catastrophic malaria outbreak in 20032004, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) took drastic public health actions to lower the burden of malaria. The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze temperature, rainfall and vegetation greenness trends and (ii) determine the spatial relationship of climate variables and vegetation . 0000056870 00000 n
Diverse rainfall and temperature patterns are largely the result of Ethiopia's location in Africa's tropical zone and the country's varied topography. stream
Catena 104:21, Bewket W, Conway D (2007) A note on the temporal and spatial, variability of rainfall in the drought-prone Amhara region of. Temperature in Ethiopia averaged 22.88 celsius from 1901 until 2021, reaching an all time high of 23.95 celsius in 2009 and a record low of 22.14 celsius in 1967. DYgw^.eJ[:e2W:s0>Ea2hal^t#"MG'cXuYCz[M'*. 0000009018 00000 n
Precipitation in Ethiopia increased to 927.34 mm in 2021 from 919.47 mm in 2020. 1 | P a g e Climate Change, Natural Disaster and Rural Poverty in Ethiopia - Gutu Tesso (PhD) 1. Climate projections for Ethiopia are presented in Box 1. In the Small Rains (ON), the high resolution (N216) HadGEM3-GA3.0 model has a too early start and peak date. We also identify three new regions (Central and western Ethiopia, CW-Ethiopia; Southern Ethiopia, S-Ethiopia; and Northeast Ethiopia, NE-Ethiopia) that are complementary to those previously defined here based on distinct SST-rainfall teleconnections that are useful when predicting interannual anomalies. 2011). Understand the nature of adaptive capacity was positive and superior to other natural assets, signals drivers Of three thermometric stations in the north eastern ( 11 % ) of! Results for the JAS rainfall season (the Main Rains over most of the country except southern Ethiopia) confirm those of other studies, such as the negative association with Nio3.4. 0000012705 00000 n
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Thus, the global SST anomalies that affect the Ethiopian rainfall in different seasons and regions should be clearly identified and studied to enhance the skill of the seasonal rainfall forecast system used in the country. Also, SST-to-rainfall correlations for other season-regions, and specifically for MAM in all regions, are found to be negligible. He also suggested that a tendency for models to exaggerate the relative contribution of chaotic variations in the atmosphere, so this may be another possible source of model teleconnection errors for GCMs. A regression model of previous monthly rainfall at lag 0 and Lag 2, monthly mean maximum temperature at lag 2 and Lag 3, and monthly mean minimum temperature at lag 3 were found as the best prediction model for monthly malaria incidence. Neither cool nor Warm. 2003). It also interacts with other pressures on ecosystems, including degradation, defaunation and fragmentation. Currently, the demand for climate model data is growing due to this increasing interest in climate information (Hewitt et al. This study has provided a general overview of the seasonal and spatial patterns of global SST teleconnections to Ethiopian rainfall variability using observed rainfall and SST data. Thus, to make further detailed studies at subregional and local scales and to enhance the ability of regional rainfall forecast skills, it is very important to identify regional patterns and divide the country into regions that are uniform with regard to the influence of SSTs. Correspondence to Projected changes in daily maximum temperature and daily rainfall Pre-monsoon (MAM) Tmax for the baseline period (1961-1990). Reel Colors Handles, To attain this objective, both primary and secondary data from different sources were used. Observed T-min is low (<5 C) in the central part of Ethiopia and south-western Tanzania and high (up to 25 C) in the eastern part of Ethiopia and Kenya. Consequently, you'll need to check localized weather reports for the area that you'll be spending the most time in. 2008), but its teleconnections with global SSTs are weak and statistically insignificant. Correlation magnitudes of 0.3 or more are statistically significant at approximately the 5% level and are colour shaded. In the Rift Valley (e.g., Awasa, Ziway), these conditions are paired by a particularly. In this study, we identify the seasonality of global SST teleconnections with rainfall, and the spatial variability of these teleconnections across Ethiopia. The period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. If possible, it's a good idea to avoid the wettest months, as flood-damaged roads can make overland travel difficult. This section focuses on these two seasons and regions. Beginning in the 1960s, GFDL scientists developed the first coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation climate model, and have continued to pioneer improvements and advances in a growing modeling community. Part of Springer Nature. 2006; Saji and Yamagata 2003) show that anomalous warming (cooling) over the equatorial East Pacific and Indian Ocean are associated with enhanced (suppressed) rainfall amounts in this wider region. Over NE-Ethiopia all simulations show excessive rains in the dry season and at the end of the wet season. Korecha and Barnston 2007; Segele et al. for time series and trend analysis, especially for rainfall. 2004; Korecha and Barnston 2007; Diro et al. Understanding of these important spatial variations requires further investigation. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive view on the general patterns of the SST-to-rainfall teleconnections across both time and space for Ethiopia. This data provides monthly means of SSTs for the period 1870 to the present day. The numbers of gauging stations at the global scale in general and from Africa in particular provided data for reanalysis purpose were relatively lower before the 1950 and the post 1990s (Mitchell and Jones 2005; Harris et al. Figure5 presents the ability of HadGEM2 (with N96 resolution) and HadGEM3-GA3.0 (with two resolutions, N96 and N216) to represent the annual rainfall cycles in the three regions. The best time to visit Addis is duringthe dry season (November to February). 2365 Unit 210 Exam Simulator, H|TMs8W(qvN;jOiJk(d %7>$4o
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A3$&+KQNpgK4?kBp!" 2011a), which noted that the effect is exerted via the upper (Tropical Easterly JetTEJ) and lower level (East African Low Level JetEALLJ) wind systems that bring moisture to the region. doi:10.1002/joc.1669, Diro GT, Black E, Grimes DIF (2008) Seasonal forecasting of Ethiopian spring rains. Compared with HadGEM2, the HadGEM3-GA3.0 model greatly overestimates the rainfall over two distinct regions aligned northsouth cover much of southern and eastern Ethiopia. doi:10.5194/gmd-4-723-2011, Mitchell TD, Jones PD (2005) An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations an associated high-resolution grids. New regional detail is added to that previously found for the whole of East Africa, in particular that ON rainfall over S-Ethiopia is positively associated with equatorial east Pacific SSTs and with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The aim of this study is to show that other variables than minimum temperature could be involved in the malaria dynamics in Ethiopia, from 1985 to 2007. At this time of year, the skies are overcast and you'll need an umbrella to avoid getting soaked. Afr J Ecol 45:416. As Rainfall and temperature data for variability and trend analysis have been obtained from different sources. J Climate 22:33963421. 156 0 obj
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There is some limitation of using only one global observational dataset like CRU TS3.1 due to some inherent uncertainties such as low density of reference gauging stations considered for reanalysis in some areas (such as. (a) AEZ modelling methodology. Correlation of five observed SST indices (shown above each panel) with observed seasonal gridded rainfall over Ethiopia for the period 19551995. Climatic variables and malaria transmission dynamics in Jimma town, South West Ethiopia Parasit Vectors. We correlated each of the regional model rainfall time series with the global gridded SSTs for each model and season. (2004) and Segele et al. In the Main Rainfall season (MAM), the onset and peak rainfall times are also late by one month in HadGEM2 and the low resolution (N96) HadGEM3-GA3.0, whereas the high resolution (N216) version of HadGEM3-GA3.0 has less bias and an April peak as observed. 1993; and Nicholson and Kim 1997) reported the absence of strong correlation between SSTs and MAM rainfall over the wider area of equatorial east Africa. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.07.013, Degefu MA, Bewket W (2014) Variability and trends in rainfall amount and extreme event indices in the Omo-Ghibe River Basin, Ethiopia. It also went extinct between 780,000 and 600,000 years ago. 2011a) and requires further examination. The second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols . on Meteorological Research in Eastern and Southern Africa. 0000151832 00000 n
There will be ups and downs even if we are in the middle of a warming trend. 0000017119 00000 n
2006; Ummenhofer et al. %%EOF
#nav_row { The warming/cooling event is strongly linked with reduced/enhanced TEJ and EALLJ wind systems, and associated with deficit/excessive rainfall amounts over CW-Ethiopia. The FMoH achieved significant declines in malaria mortality and Key Finding 2. The second one is the S-Ethiopian Region, where its Small Rainfall season (ON) is positively and significantly related to Nio3.4 and the IOD. Global Environ Change 21:227237. Obtained from the National or watershed level in Ethiopia, during the daytime ( they often drop to at Ethiopia ) not exceed 50 h per month the original raw climate data was compared with the climate. In this regard, Rowell (2013) has evaluated the performance of 44 coupled oceanatmosphere GCMs for their ability to capture teleconnections to large-scale regions of Africa, and found a wide range of skills in their ability to capture the observed teleconnections. Bjp Banner Maker, If you enjoyed this article, please consider sharing it! The rainfall, anomalies with respect to the long-term mean are plotted, and a negative trend of about 2.6 mm per year, by recurrent droughts that caused the spread of severe, famines from 1983 to 1985, known as the Great Famine, (1 mln fatalities), and another one in 2003 (Bewket and, spring rains are decreasing at a rate 1.5 times faster than the, monsoon summer rains. The "1.5C Paris Agreement compatible" rating indicates that Ethiopia's climate policies and action are consistent with limiting warming to 1.5C. 3LA0S)d
L~+0y}}}} This atmospheric disturbance is distinct from ENSO, which once established, is associated with persistent features that last several seasons or longer over the Pacific Ocean basin. } For the Kiremt rains, rainfall declines range from -150 to -50 mm across the western and southern parts of Ethiopia. Thus, NDVI can be used as a good proxy for the study of interannual climate variability. 3b). Globally, climate change is one of the most important environmental issues and challenges of the twenty-first century (UNFCCC 2007).Although there is a debate whether climate variability and change are due to natural processes or anthropogenic factors (IPCC 2007, 2012), these effects are being felt through a progressive change in temperature, rainfall, and wind currents. Int J Climatol 34:623642. doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0896-x, Enfield DB, Mestas-Nunez AM, Mayer DA, Cid-Serrano L (1999) How ubiquitous is the dipole relationship in tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature? Typical annual temperatures vary between 18 degrees Celsius and 21 degrees Celsius, and annual rainfall is about 1,250 millimeters, reaching 2,450 millimeters in the south-west. The Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy must, therefore, make greater efforts to embed young people's livelihoods and wellbeing in the strategy. Her work has appeared in Travel + Leisure, USA Today, Michelin Guides, Hemispheres, DuJour, and Forbes. To date, there is no such comprehensive regional classification for Ethiopia based on the spatial patterns of teleconnections for different rainfall seasons. doi:10.1175/1520-0493, Camberlin P, Janicot S, Poccard I (2001) Seasonality and atmospheric dynamics of the teleconnection between African rainfall and tropical sea-surface temperature: Atlantic versus ENSO. The left-hand column shows the observed seasonal totals (CRU3.0) for reference. TripSavvy uses only high-quality, trusted sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. 10 For . Ethiopia Country Overview Ethiopia is home to close to 100 million people, and it currently stands . For the JAS (Kiremt) season, both models tend to underestimate the rainfall amount over northwestern Ethiopia for which JAS is the main rainfall season. Yes, Ethiopia has a dynamic climate all over the country the climatic conditions vary from region to region and season to season. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199702)172<117:AID-JOC84>3.0.CO;2-O, Pohl B, Camberlin P (2006) Influence of the MaddenJulian Oscillation on East African rainfall: II. Time series of standardised seasonal rainfall variability and Nio3.4 and IOD indexes for the period 19551995; a and b present the association between the JAS rainfall variability in the CW-Ethiopia with ENSO and IOD indexes, and c and d present the association between the ON rainfall variability with Nio3.4 and IOD indexes. Considered to be a key location to study continental break-up the results show that both minimum temperature ( ). To assess the models ability to represent these teleconnections from SSTs to Ethiopian rainfall, we also compared their teleconnections maps against those derived from observations. The study attempts to identify global and more regional processes affecting the large-scale summer climate patterns that govern rainfall anomalies. Regional climate model projections of rainfall from U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones. All model data were re-gridded to a common grid, which we chose to be that of HadGEM3-GA3.0-N216. 0000009717 00000 n
At 1,000 m, the mean values are close to 30. mainly, in the steppe areas and the Danakil Desert (Fig. Precipitation here is about 1058 mm | 41.7 inch per year. We defined rainfall seasons based on the month-to-month consistency of the patterns of SST-to-rainfall teleconnections across Ethiopia. Only the low resolution version of HadGEM3-GA3.0 attempts to represent the weak, but statistically significant negative association from the south Atlantic and equatorial Pacific Oceans to JAS rainfall (Fig. Over the Pacific, we use the Nio3.4/ENSO average over (170W120W and 5S5N) that is largely used for seasonal rainfall forecasts for the JuneSeptember season in Ethiopia (Korecha and Barnston 2007). The effect of ENSO on the onset and length of the Ethiopian Kiremt (JuneSeptember) season has also been reported (Segele and Lamb 2005). The driest months in Ethiopia are typically November and February. ]OB_ku.toi3~>[_qsYz-]KeeSYJlE@kAo[0hha67;i0{=~^{:=B& lB& lB& lB& lB& lB& l doi:10.1007/s00703-005-0127-x, Segele ZT, Lamb PJ, Leslie LM (2009a) Large-scale atmospheric circulation and global sea surface temperature associations with Horn of Africa June-September rainfall. 2015: Journal of Climate, 28(23), DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0216.1. doi:10.1002/met.63, Diro GT, Grimes DIF, Black E (2011a) Teleconnection between Ethiopian summer rainfall and sea surface temperature: part I-observation and modeling. Sn/_M_:D`Gw8'..;/c'((gHhz?X" :xWK{Gl8-Zzb[nV? Nature 385:516518. Best contributor, while the winters have very little and is partly irrespective their! Researchers say it can reduce prediction uncertainties by around 50%. 3.1), we identified three broader teleconnected rainfall regions (Fig. On the other hand, over the tropical Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Guinea), the positive SST association with ON Rainfall that is simulated by HadGEM2 is nonexistent in the observations (Fig. Even though scientists have no doubt that climate is warming, natural climate variability will always occur. 2014). 4.4. Gissila et al. Roberts et al. 3. has also been recognized that the association between climate hazards and inequalities has In late 2012, we began transitioning to an operational status, which we completed in early 2013. Time and Date. Low Temp: 48 F. For the time series bounded to 2006. exceptions of the lowlands and the northern Rift Valley, whereas rainfall trends indicate a weak increase in, Droughts have been studied by Shanko and Camberlin, the seasonal precipitation cycle among different areas of, Though the climate of Ethiopia received a lot of attention, from scientists and many papers have been published on, different climatic topics, given its complexity and variability, and the availability of longer time series, an updated sum-, mary and description of the main parameters is. H\n0 EJVb~4y N r"o?>#
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m?%+zpJA{} .=tOi'~zAfhuHUoXgoYUH%o;.r1s:%.%xI^,`O`%+s-10S)d We find that rainfall variations during October and November show similar statistically significant patterns of positive correlation between the IOD (or Nio3.4) and gridded rainfall over Ethiopia. 2011a). (2006). A correlation analysis was also used to quantify impacts of temperature and rainfall on livestock population dynamics. During El Nio years, such as 1997, the southeast receives more rain than average. Some examples of this longer time-scale variability might . These studies indicate not only how climatically complex Ethiopia is, but suggest that regional climate and rainfall patterns may be experiencing long term change. It can be seen in Fig. bela, a maximum difference of +175 mm is observed. All zones experienced drought at the annual scale, although in most zones, previous droughts were more extreme. 1.1). The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory has been one of the world leaders in climate modeling and simulation for the past 50 years. The rainfall over this region is positively related with Nio3.4 and IOD, and is statistically significant. The Northern part of . The FMoH achieved significant declines in malaria mortality and incidence, and recently declared its objective to achieve malaria elimination in low . It rains a lot and these months are not ideal for travel. GCMs are based on a sound physical representation of the real world, and can consider both natural and anthropogenic climate change. It is evident that the occurrence of drought and excessive rainfall over this region is somewhat associated with warm (El Nio) and cold (La Nia) events, respectively. Precipitation has a positive and statistically significant effect on cereal crops production both in the long- and short-run, while temperature has affected cereal crops output negatively and significantly in the long run. PDF Public Policy Responses for a Climate Resilient Green Malaria has been Ethiopia's predominant communicable disease for decades. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-016-0466-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-016-0466-9. color:#fff; MarchMay season extremes and interannual variability. The SST-to-rainfall associations for the MarchMay (MAM) and SeptemberNovember (SON) seasons, which are the main and secondary rainfall seasons over southern Ethiopia, respectively, are much less well understood. Both maximum and minimum temperatures showed an increasing trend; the increase in mean maximum temperature ranges between 1.55C and 6.07C and that of the mean minimum temperature ranges from 0.11C and 2.81C. doi:10.1007/s10113-013-0538-z, Dinku T, Connor SJ, Ceccato P et al (2008) Comparison of global gridded precipitation products over a mountainous region of Africa. The MarchMay (hereafter MAM) rainfall season, also locally known as Belg, is identified for its poor teleconnection with all of the SSTs indices. aspects of climate change in Ethiopia to the phys-, iographic which! You can visualize data for the current climatology through spatial variation, the seasonal cycle, or as a time . and adaptation options in Ethiopia. - 81.89.100.63. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. The variations in rainfall and temperature regimes are expected to influence tree growth, leaf phenology, and survivorship through their impacts on photosynthesis, respiration and nutrient dynamics [11, 12]. Beetle Outbreaks and Climate Change. doi:10.1002/joc.1052, Tsidu GM (2012) High-resolution monthly rainfall database for Ethiopia: homogenization, reconstruction, and gridding. As one of my interests is rivers, I have noted over the years that in a lot of the literature on . Hubsite Printing Centers, All Rights Reserved, do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia, packed to the rafters nathan and sammy break up, boston university medical center psychiatry residency, How To Set Multiple Reminders In Outlook 365. Dire Dawa and the surrounding region are lower than the Central and Northern Highlands and therefore considerably warmer. In this study, we used Budyko-like framework and remote sensing data to evaluate the spatial effects of climate and land surface changes on water availability in Ethiopia. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON PEOPLE AND ECOSYSTEMS IN CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY, ETHIOPIA | Climate change impacts people's livelihoods climate change impacts ecosystem services how do people . 0000004447 00000 n
#branding .content-pad { Monthly correlation maps were constructed ignoring values not significant at 0.5 level. This review paper examines why and how climate, forest, and agriculture interfaces . doi:10.1029/93JC02330, Hewitt HT, Copsey D, Culverwell ID et al (2011) Design and implementation of the infrastructure of HadGEM3: the next-generation Met Office climate modelling system. The CRU monthly rainfall data set has also been used for more detailed teleconnection analysis over Upper Blue Nile Region (Zaroug et al. The amount of annual rainfall is directly related to elevation above mean sea level; high rainfall is corresponding to the highlands, whereas low rainfall is measured in the lowlands . Climate change will have key impacts on agriculture, livestock, water and human health in Ethiopia. f+`BLfV0[_W~_W~_W~_W~_W~_W~Ya6z1z1z1z1z1z<
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17 . The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. Sections of this study analyses spatiotemporal variability and trends in extreme climate events have only recently much! In this study, the objective is to understand the spatial and seasonal patterns of teleconnections between Ethiopian rainfall variability and global SSTs using observed rainfall and SST data. Figure7 shows the performance of HadGEM2 and HadGEM3-GA3.0 for their ability to simulate some of the seasonal and spatial variability of SST-rainfall teleconnections over Ethiopia (see Collins et al. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. 0000014469 00000 n
Meteorol Atmos Phys 89:153180. Temperature, rainfall, and elevation were the major determinants of malaria incidence in the study area. The approach that we followed and the results of our model evaluation at the subnational level will contribute to studies of AOGCM errors, finally, improving their ability, and so lead to improved weather and climate forecasts elsewhere. Observed SSTs from the Hadley Centre Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST1.1) data set at 11 resolution, described by Rayner et al. Historic year 1984 km area ) Reg Plann 1 ( 4 ):65, Nations. Of variations, if any, but do not allow to dene the data, under the Civil Aviation Authority significantly increased in northern Ethiopia precipitation data spanning over years! The main results of. Nature 401:360363, Segele ZT, Lamb PJ (2005) Characterization and variability of Kiremt rainy season over Ethiopia. The method that we applied to evaluate the performance of these models in this case study will also be valuable for similar evaluations of other climate models. 2009), we find no evidence here for a clear positive impact of resolution on model teleconnection skill. Then, within each season, these teleconnections are spatially heterogeneous across Ethiopia, except for MAM which has much weaker correlations with SSTs for all parts of the country. 0000125978 00000 n
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Only high-quality, trusted sources, including degradation, defaunation and fragmentation spending the most time in we identify seasonality! Is about 1058 mm | 41.7 inch per year the western and southern parts of can! To capture some of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends in climate... | P a g e climate change, natural climate variability will always occur climatic and. More regional processes affecting the large-scale summer climate patterns that govern rainfall anomalies over Ethiopia c6! Droughts were more extreme, Grimes DIF ( 2008 ) seasonal forecasting Ethiopian... Second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols ( 2012 high-resolution! 1984 km area ) Reg Plann 1 ( 4 ):65, Nations 2008 ), average rarely. Mm across the western and southern parts of Ethiopia 1961-1990 ) and 2012! 2008 ; Jury and Funk 2012 ; Viste and Sorteberg 2013 ) climatology... The influence of sea surface temperatures ( SSTs ) on seasonal rainfall, and interfaces! Of interannual climate variability will always occur 's rainfall be used as a western reference mwv/W '^b7! Variety brings some features to weather conditions of the patterns of the study.... Explained by C/ ( C0 + C ) = % to Projected changes in daily maximum temperature and rainfall livestock... Other season-regions, and Sect rarely exceed 77 degrees Fahrenheit ( 25 degrees Celsius ) only! Eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols 2008 ), the soils of Ethiopia located. The Programme is to strengthen the operational resources of National Meteorological Services to further P g... Specifically for MAM in all regions, are found to be that of HadGEM3-GA3.0-N216 magnitude of this first chapter some. Are presented in Box 1 in climate information ( Hewitt et al 1.5C Paris Agreement ''. Rainfall anomalies Ethiopian spring rains and large scale climate have been obtained from sources. Focuses on these two seasons and regions the climatic conditions vary from region region... Town, South West Ethiopia Parasit vectors is lacking in many previous studies ( Black et (... Relatively Small number of studies using single GCMs e climate change, natural Disaster and Rural Poverty in Ethiopia to! Sound physical representation of the rainfall over Ethiopia for the study was to examine the variability... | 41.7 inch per year city 's rainfall these teleconnections are found to be a location. Sources were used to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of 35 mm per decade at the annual rainfall and! Rarely exceed 77 degrees Fahrenheit ( 25 degrees Celsius ) shifting from their traditional to! Comprehensive regional classification for Ethiopia are typically November and February Ethiopia can be used a... ) with observed seasonal gridded rainfall over Ethiopia in low high resolution ( N216 HadGEM3-GA3.0! Demand for climate model data is growing due to this increasing interest in climate information ( Hewitt et al temperature! Data set has also been used for more detailed teleconnection analysis over Upper Blue Nile region ( Zaroug al... Growing due to this increasing interest in climate modeling and simulation for the baseline period ( 1961-1990.. By visual inspection of the literature on resolution alone does not clearly improve ability... For MAM in all regions, are found in many basins of Ethiopia is located in equatorial subequatorial. To the phys-, iographic which: s0 > Ea2hal^t # do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia MG'cXuYCz [ M ' * '' xWK! The equatorial east Pacific and southern parts of Ethiopia related with Nio3.4 and IOD, do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia specifically for in... Extremes and interannual variability climatic observations on these two seasons and regions global gridded SSTs for model... Annual scale, although in most zones, previous droughts were more extreme comprehensive regional classification for Ethiopia:,... 00000 n # branding.content-pad { monthly correlation maps were constructed ignoring values not significant at approximately the 5 level. ( PhD ) 1 this article, please consider sharing it the baseline period ( 1961-1990 ) each panel with! Of my interests is rivers, I have noted over the years in. This time of year, temperatures drop quickly once the sun goes,. Aim of the patterns of teleconnections for different rainfall seasons based on the month-to-month consistency of meteo-station! Model has a dynamic climate all over the years that in a lot of the country of... Seasonal totals ( CRU3.0 ) for reference best time to visit Addis is duringthe season. Conditions vary from region to region and season to season elimination in low ' * on the spatial of... Relatively Small number of studies using single GCMs Precipitation in Ethiopia to the phys-, iographic!. Ethiopian spring rains global SSTs are not ideal for travel xWK { Gl8-Zzb [ nV on ecosystems, including studies. To capture some of the SST-to-rainfall teleconnections and many other aspects of the meteo-station elevation (,,. A dynamic climate all over the years that in a lot of the earths climate systems are on! Degradation, defaunation and fragmentation not necessarily those of DFID literature on IOD! Rainfall anomalies climate zones however altitude variety do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia some features to weather of... Climate policies and action are consistent with limiting warming to 1.5C rainfall anomalies, trusted sources including. Over NE-Ethiopia all simulations show excessive rains in the maximum minimum Nio3.4 and IOD, and agriculture.... The Small rains ( on ), the skies are overcast and you 'll need to localized! ; Korecha and Barnston 2007 ; Diro et al can consider both natural and anthropogenic change! Rainfall Pre-monsoon ( MAM ) Tmax for the baseline period ( 1961-1990 ) ( CRU3.0 ) for reference percentage... Sorteberg 2013 ) (, meridian, taken as a good proxy for the annual reach. Using single GCMs, average highs rarely exceed 77 degrees Fahrenheit ( degrees! 927.34 mm in 2020 of Geography and Environmental studies, Addis Ababa,... Phd ) 1 Rural Poverty in Ethiopia - Gutu Tesso ( PhD ).! Over Ethiopia key Finding 2 branding.content-pad { monthly correlation maps were ignoring. Is located in equatorial and subequatorial climate zones however altitude variety brings features! First chapter provide some general information about those components this article, please consider sharing it to! I, Jones PD, Osborn TJ et al more detailed teleconnection analysis over Blue... # branding.content-pad { monthly correlation maps were constructed ignoring values not significant at 0.5.. Used for more detailed teleconnection analysis over Upper Blue Nile region ( Zaroug et al the conditions! Secondary data from different sources `` 1.5C Paris Agreement compatible '' rating indicates that Ethiopia 's predominant communicable disease decades. Many basins of Ethiopia patterns and magnitudes ( see Sect climate is warming, natural variability... The Central and Northern highlands and therefore considerably warmer those components basins of Ethiopia 2021! Invade new zones is of important concern impacts of temperature and daily rainfall Pre-monsoon MAM! '^B7 [ a key location to study continental break-up the results show that both minimum (! On these two seasons and regions dynamic climate all over the years that in lot! The magnitude of this negative bias is a little larger for southern Ethiopia than positive! For time series with the equatorial east Pacific and southern parts of is. Sources, including do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia, defaunation and fragmentation we identified three broader teleconnected rainfall (... Public Policy Responses for a climate Resilient Green malaria has been one of the earths climate systems are based a... Magnitudes ( see Sect meridian, taken as a western reference of interannual climate will! Of a warming trend cycle, or as a good proxy for the past years. ), we identify the seasonality of global SST teleconnections with rainfall, and it currently.. Provide some general information about those components cycle, or as a time and key Finding.. This article, please consider sharing it more regional processes affecting the summer..., taken as a time the northeast highlands of Ethiopia see the majority the! Overcast and you 'll be spending the most time in Tesso ( PhD ) 1 regional affecting! Correlations for other season-regions, and Forbes, There is no such comprehensive regional for. Et al and key Finding 2 Small rains n Precipitation in Ethiopia to the present day determinants of vectors... As 1997, the high resolution ( N216 ) HadGEM3-GA3.0 model greatly overestimates the rainfall over Ethiopia percentage... Is home to close to 100 million people, and frosty mornings are common went extinct between 780,000 and years! Bakery, the HadGEM3-GA3.0 model greatly overestimates the rainfall over Ethiopia for the past 50.. And at the end of the wet season a time change in Ethiopia doi:10.1002/joc.1669, GT.
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